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1. Nitrogen Management in Small Grains After AlfalfaSmall grains are commonly grown following alfalfa in Utah and the Intermountain West, especially during drought years as small grains require less irrigation than corn. Several studies across the country have shown that corn following alfalfa rarely needs N fertilizer, yet relatively few have evaluated the N needs of small grains. Furthermore, research on the N needs of small grains grown as forage vs. grain are even more sparse. The objectives of this research are to quantify the... C. Pound, M. Yost, E. Creech, G. Cardon, K. Russell, D. Despain, J. Gale, K. Heaton, B. Kitchen, M. Pace, S. Price, C. Reid, M. Palmer, M. Nelson |
2. Evaluation of Nitrogen Fertilization and Drip Irrigation Levels on Yields of San Joaquin Valley, California, Forage Corn and Sorghum CultivarsIn California (CA), approximately 500,000 acres of corn are grown annually, with most grown for dairy forage. Under reduced irrigation water (IW) supply conditions, forage sorghum acreage can increase to 90,000 acres annually. Corn nitrogen (N) demand is well documented in studies conducted outside of CA, but little research on forage corn and sorghum N use efficiency (NUE) under varying levels of IW has been conducted. With such a large statewide acreage, it is important to improve... R. Hutmacher, N. Clark, J. Dahlberg, J. Angeles |
3. Soil Biological Indicators of Soil Health for Soil Health AssessmentsSoil is one of our nation's most valuable resources that provides life-sustaining functions. Billions of organisms live belowground and perform critical soil processes to support plant, animal, and human health aboveground. By shifting our view of soils from an inert growing material to a biologically diverse and active ecosystem, we can help create more sustainable farms, ranches, and forests to provide the food and fiber for our rapidly growing population while protecting land, air and water... J. Moore kucera |
4. Phosphorus and Organic Acid Bonding Impacts at Varying Soil pHPhosphorus (P) fertilizer is essential for crop production, but reductions are warranted to conserve resources and minimize environmental impacts. Several lab, glasshouse, growth chamber, and field studies have been performed over the past six years with a new P fertilizer (Carbond P; CBP; Land View Fertilizer, Rupert, ID, USA) mostly in calcareous, low OM soil. Studies comparing CBP to ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and monoammonium phosphate (MAP) applied to soil show season-long increases in... T. Blair, C. Ransom, P. Hosford, J. Svedin, L. Sutton, A. Winchester, K. Manning, T. Hopkins, B. Hopkins |
5. Applying a Phosphorus Risk Index in a Mixed-use Mountain WatershedSurface waters in the Wallsburg, UT watershed have been identified as a relatively high contributor of phosphorus (P) to nearby Deer Creek Reservoir. Identifying the major contributors of P is critical for developing effective management practices. Phosphorus Risk Indices have been widely developed as a tool to identify areas with high risk of P movement, but these tools have mostly been applied to watersheds dominated by agricultural land use. While agriculture is often a source of nutrient pollution,... A.W. Pearce, J. Johns, D. Robinson, N. Hansen |
6. Use of Non-replicated Observations and Farm Trials for Guiding Nutrient Management DecisionsReplication or repetition is the means by which experimental error is estimated in replicated trials. In farm trials, it is sometimes not possible to replicate demonstration and test plots due to manageability and costs. In these situations, non-replicated observations and on-farm trials are used. In addition, nutrient response studies are often needed to calibrate the fertilizer requirement of a field. In this paper, we will define on-farm trials and observations, discuss the nature and underlying... S. Machado, K. Girma |
7. Seasonal Water Distribution in a Drip-irrigated Cabernet Sauvignon VineyardSeasonal irrigation is vital to sustainable production of wine grapes in inland Washington. Without supplemental irrigation there is not enough rainfall during summer months to sustain plant health and productivity. Our 5 year project evaluates the effects of several regulated deficit irrigation treatments on soil water distribution throughout the growing season and the subsequent effects on yield and fruit quality in both Cabernet Sauvignon (CS) and Concord grapes; with a focus on wine grape... J. Davenport, J. Stout |
8. Improved Small Grain Nitrogen Use Efficiency with California Site-specific Decision SupportSmall grains are grown throughout the state of California (CA) on approximately 500,000 acres annually. They are generally fall-sown and grown during the winter months when most precipitation occurs. Because precipitation and irrigation patterns vary across CA and there is a strong interaction between total water and plant available nitrogen (N), determining fertilizer N application recommendations is particularly challenging in this cropping system. With recent fertilizer price volatility,... N. Clark, M. Lundy, T. Nelsen, M. Leinfelder-miles, S. Light, G. Galdi, T. Getts, K. Mathesius |
9. Performance of Public and Private Fertilizer Recommendations for Corn, Alfalfa, and Small GrainsThere are many sources that growers utilize to determine fertilizer needs for crops such as private and public labs, crop advisors, and fertilizer dealers. In many cases, these sources provide recommendations for a specific crop that can vary greatly, and the resulting fertilizer and application rates recommended can lead to large differences in costs for the grower. Evaluating the effectiveness and economics of current fertilizer guidelines and recommendations will help growers to make better-informed... M. Yost, M. Baker, J. Gale, E. Creech, G. Cardon |
10. Evaluating Zinc Requirements of Corn, Small Grains, and AlfalfaMany growers and crop advisors in the Intermountain west have recently reported Zn deficiencies in major cereal and forage crops. Further, many common fertilizer blends now include Zn. Most Zn fertilizer guidelines indicate that 5-10 lbs of Zn per acre should be applied when critical soil test Zn levels are less than about 0.8 ppm Zn. These guidelines in Utah and many other states in the region were developed decades ago and need to be reassessed. Therefore, we established Zn response and rate... M. Yost, M. Baker, J. Gale, G. Cardon, E. Creech |