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1. The Fertilizer Recommendation Support Tool (FRST) Initiative: National Survey on Soil Fertility Recommendations and Correlation/Calibration DatabaseSoil fertility testing is an integral tool used in nutrient management planning, providing information needed to determine where nutrients are required and how much to apply. While a great deal of effort has been successfully invested in standardizing soil test methods in the U.S. over the last few decades, up-to-date correlation/calibration studies are lacking in many states. In most cases, soil test correlation/calibration efforts lead by land-grant universities are on a state-by-state or lab-by-lab... S.E. Lyons, J.T. Spargo, D.L. Osmond, A.W. Pearce, N.A. Slaton, D.K. Arthur, P.J. Kleinman, J.M. Mcgrath |
2. Phosphorus and Zinc Interactions in PotatoPotato production requires high soil phosphorus (P) application with potential negative environmental and nutrient uptake effects. Impacts of high available P on species in potato cropping rotations are not adequately understood, nor have the causes of reduced yield and quality from excess P been fully explored. Antagonistic interactions with cationic micronutrients such as zinc (Zn) are plausible explanations. Two hydroponic experiments were conducted with Burbank potato to elucidate P and Zn... B. Webb, B. Hopkins, J. Ellsworth, S. Barben, B. Nichols, V. Jolley |
3. Boron Fertilization in PotatoThe high value of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), its inefficient rooting system and the low organic matter content of sandy soils on which potatoes are cultivated result in widespread application of boron (B) and other micronutrients. However, in times of cost trimming, B may become an omitted input regardless of soil test values. Further, soil tests for B may need to be updated for higher yields, better management or improved soil test methods. Russet Burbank potato was grown at... B. Webb, B. Hopkins, J. Ellsworth, V. Jolley, R. Callahan |
4. Residual Soil Nitrate and Potato Yield with Polymer Coated UreaPotato (Solanum tuberosum L.) requires steady, but not excessive nitrogen (N) supply for maximum tuber yield, size, and solids, as well as minimal internal and external defects. Although more costly and labor intensive than dry broadcast applications, growers typically apply a majority of N via fertigation. A controlled release N fertilizer, polymer coated urea (PCU), is a possible alternative to this growers’ standard practice. A newly formulated PCU may meet plant demand... B. Webb, B. Hopkins, J. Lemonte, T. Taysom, V. Jolley |
5. Elemental Sulfur with Iron: Kentucky BluegrassIron (Fe) is known to improve greenness of Kentucky bluegrass (KBG; Poa pratensis L.), although applications are relatively costly and labor intensive. A new fertilizer material, elemental sulfur impregnated with Fe (ES-Fe), may provide an alternative source of Fe for KBG. The effects of ES-Fe on KBG was evaluated comparing 55 lb-Fe ac-1 ES-Fe to ferrous sulfate (FS) at the same rate and chelated Fe as a foliar (CF) or soil applied (CS) in a glasshouse study. A separate... B. Hopkins, B. Webb, K. Marcroft, R. Christenson, V. Jolley |
6. Comparing Nutrient Availability in Low Fertility Soils Using Ion Exchange Resin Capsules and Plant Bioavailability Under Greenhouse ConditionsCommonly used soil resin analysis procedures have generally been developed to determine nutrient levels in agriculture soils. The purpose of the resin capsule procedure is to determine the amount of nutrient that correlates to that which is plant available. Desert soils contain lower levels of nutrients than agricultural soils, thus the validity of using resin capsules for desert soils is uncertain. In a previous incubation study it was determined that ion exchange resin capsules can be used as... B. Webb, B. Hopkins, M. Pletsch, D. Cook, M. Vickery, V. Jolley |
7. Improving Phosphorus Use Efficiency with Carbond PPhosphorus (P) fertilizer is integral for maximizing crop production and is used abundantly to achieve desired yields. However, reduction of P fertilizer is warranted, as it is the primary source of nutrient pollution in surface waters (eutrophication leading to hypoxia) and is derived from non-renewable mineral resources. Two research studies were conducted in 2009 to evaluate a new fertilizer product, Carbond® P against traditional fertilizers ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and monoammonium... B. Hopkins, B. Webb, M. Hill, C. Ransom |
8. Exploring Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizers for Vegetable and Melon Crop Production in California and ArizonaVarious forms of polymer coated urea (PCU) were examined as sources of controlled release nitrogen for production of cauliflower, watermelon, carrot, and spinach in Arizona or California. Studies were designed to demonstrate the effectiveness of PCU for supplying 100 percent of the fertilizer nitrogen needed for an entire growing season in a single pre-plant application. In each study, two or more N rates were tested. PCU having an appropriate release time for a given set of growing conditions... R. Smith, A. Blaylock, E. Ellison, C. Sanchez |
9. Polymer Coated Urea (ESN): Impacts on Potato Crop and N LossesPotato (Solanum tuberosum L.) production is sensitive to a steady, adequate supply of nitrogen (N). Synergistically optimizing grower profits while maximizing N use efficiency (NUE) is critical to conserve nonrenewable natural resources used to manufacture N fertilizer and minimize N pollution to water and the atmosphere. Polymer coated urea (PCU, Environmentally Smart N or ESN®) is one type of N fertilizer which uses temperature-controlled diffusion to control N release to better match plant... B. Hopkins, C. Ransom, T. Taysom, J. Lemonte |
10. Understanding Crop Response to MicronutrientsThere are many factors that affect crop response to micronutrients, and response to micronutrients is often less predictable than response to N, P, and K. Responses to micronutrients may be dramatic if the nutrient is deficient, but more often, responses are incremental yield increases or even only maturity or quality improvements. Micronutrient chemistry in the soil is complex and there are numerous interactions with other nutrients and environmental conditions. While predictability of micronutrient... A. Blaylock |
11. Preliminary Assessment of the Solvita-CO2 Test in Characterizing Management Effects on Soil Biological Activity in Some Soils of HawaiiThe health of agricultural soils depends to a great degree on management practices that promote soil organic matter accumulation. While total soil organic carbon (C) is the standard measure of soil organic matter, it changes slowly and does not provide a sensitive enough test to assess short term management effects on soil health. However, a key indicator of healthy soil is potential biological activity, which can be measured rapidly with soil testing via short-term carbon (C) mineralization following... J. Deenik, M. Loo |
12. Nitrogen Management and Water Productivity of Grain Crops Under Drought or Limited IrrigationThe interactions of nitrogen management and water have been the subject of many studies that have improved crop management practices. Water scarcity however, has become a pressing contemporary challenge for agricultural and food sustainability, especially in many arid and semi-arid regions of the world. As the amount of available water for irrigation decreases, more studies must shift their focus to how nitrogen fertilizers influences water use efficiency. Numerous strategies are currently employed... S. Evans, N. Hansen, A. Blaylock |
13. Improving Nutrient Use Efficiency in Irrigated Areas of Western AgricultureMuch of Western US crop production requires irrigation for optimum performance. Irrigated cropping systems often include high-value crops grown with intensive nutrient management. Irrigation management is integral with nutrient management, especially for nitrogen. The predominant form of plant-available nitrogen in soils is nitrate, which is highly mobile and greatly affected by irrigation management. Irrigation, therefore, adds complexity to already intensive management and introduces challenges... A. Blaylock |
14. Polymer Coated Urea and Urea Blends on PotatoPotato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is a globally important crop with significant economic and environmental impacts. Nitrogen (N) has a large impact in both instances. Polymer coated urea (PCU) is a N source with the ability of improving production and the environment. Environmentally Smart Nitrogen (ESN) is a PCU that may reduce the need for continual N application throughout the season. The objective of this research was to evaluate the impacts on potato tuber yield and quality with uncoated... E. Carlock, A. Weigel, T. Searle, T. Hopkins, J. Williams, B. Hopkins |
15. Polymer Coated Urea Impact on Barley Yield and ProteinPolymer coated urea (PCU) is an enhanced efficiency nitrogen (N) fertilizer shown to regulate N release over a season benefiting production and reducing nutrient pollution. The purpose of this study was testing the effect of uncoated and coated urea blends on irrigated barley yield and protein. The study consisted of three N rates applied as all urea or a 50-50 blend of PCU and urea. As expected, N rates increased yields and protein. In general, urea resulted in increased yields with... S. Fahning, T. Searle, A. Weigel, R. Buck, T. Hopkins, B. Hopkins |
16. The Ammonia RainbowAgriculture has been identified as a major contributor to atmospheric carbon dioxide with nitrogen fertilizer production as a key component. Recent scrutiny of nitrogen production processes has identified ammonia production processes to reduce carbon output from traditional Haber-Bosch processes. These different ammonia production processes are often described with color descriptions to designate the processes used and qualitatively identify their carbon footprint, such as “green ammonia”,... A. Blaylock |